Structural material



G. H. DAWSON ET AL S TRUCTURAL MATERIAL Filed Oct. 1, 1923 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 [Iwcn for:

George 175003 Dad/$012 [fa/1102a! Field Frame 14' l farmya- 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Feb..l7. 1925.

G. H. DAWSON ET AL STRUCTURAL MATERIAL Filed Oct. 1, 1923 Fatented Feb. 'lll,

GEORGE HIVES DAWSON AND EEURXTHAL FIELD FRMSE, F BOSTON, MASSA- GHUSETTS.

STRUGTURAL IJIA'I'EBIAL.

Application filed October 1, 1923. Serial Ito. 665,817.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, Gnoncn Hrvns DAW- SON and HUBXTHAL FIELD FREASE, citizens of the United States, residing at Boston, in e the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented new and useful llmprovements in Structural Materials, of

which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to improvements ie in structural materials of the unit class, whereby a plurality of similar units may be combined to build up cellular structures, and which are designed to be used amon other things as combined forms and rein orcing for concrete construction; the subject matter of the present invention being improvements on the disclosure of HURXTHAL F IELD Flames in a companion application for Letters Patent of the United States.

The objects of the improvements are: First', =to provide a unit enabling the construction of bearing walls or columns having air spaces between outer concrete surface portions;

Second to provide a unit enabling the construction of cellular concrete walls, or columns, the concrete surfaces of all the cells being protected from spawling by a permanent surface reinforcing;

Third, to provide a unit enabling the construction of concrete floors or roofs in which the material is .disposed to give maximum strength for a minimum volume of material, and which eliminates the necessity for wooden floor or'roof forms;

Fourth, to provide a unit enabling the rapid and economical construction of nonbearing partition walls;

Fifth,'to provide a unit enabling the con-' struction of hollow concrete structural members such as columns, beams and walls, whereby the unit acts both as form and reinforcing, and. is provided with means for overcoming the form stresses set up by the pouring operation; I

Sixth, to provide a unit form and reinforcing for concrete construction which when used in combination with ordinary reinforcing rods provides a cellular concrete structure able to withstand the complete destruction of the unit form and reinforcing by the action of natural forces such as the sea; storms, atmospheric acids, and the like;

Seventh, to provide units having base flanges which facilitate the assembling of e: the cellular structures for which the units are adapted; and

Eighth, to provide, for making approximately cylindrical hollow cellular structures,

a unit having a plurality of pairs of mutucl ally perpendicular walls, two walls being in the same plane.

Several practical means of attaining these objects are illustrated by the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a fragmentary plan view of a hollow wall made by the use of one modification of cellular unit, the wall having one sheet surface, a series of reinforced monolithic bearing columns bonded each with the it next adjacent, a series of air cells, and a plastered or stuccoed surface;

Fig. 2, a fragmentary front elevation of the same having a fragmentary sectioned portion as at 11-11, Fig. 1;

Fig. 3, a fragmentary plane view of a hollow wall made by the use of another modifi cation of cellular unit, the wall consisting of a 'series of reinforced monolithic 1". columns bonded each with the next adjacent;

Fig. 4, a fragmentary front. elevation of the same, having a fra entary sectioned portion, as at IVIV, ig. 3;

Fig. 5, an isometric view of a tie used in the construction illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4;

Fig. 6, a fragmentary plan view of a hollow non-bearing partition wall constructed by the use of another modification of cellular unit, and having plastered or stuccoed surfaces; i

Fig. 7, a fragmentary plan view of a hollow bearing partition wall constructed by the use of still another modification of cel-. lular unit;

Fig. 8, a fragmentar front elevation of a wall bearing a partia ly finished flat roof comprising modified cellular units shown in section;

Fig. 9, a fragmentary plan view of the same showing the wall in section as at IX- 10 IX, Fig. 8;

Fig. 10, a plan view of the improved base flanged cellular units, shown in full lines as adapted for turning an angle, and in dotted lines as adapted for completing a 10 hollow cylinder; the units also being of the improved type having pairs of mutually perpendicular walls;

Fig. 11, a fragmentary isometric view of still another modified unit; and

Fig. 12, a plan view showing the method of making surface joints on such units do illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.

While all the views "for convenience in illustration show only perforated and unperforated units, it is contemplated to use where desired-units formed from expanded sheets such as metal lath.

Similsr numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

The verious improved cellular units 1, 1", 1, l and 1 shown in Figs. 1 end 2, 3 and d, i, 10, end 11, respectively, consists essentially of abutment walls 2, 2 2*, 2 and 2 disposed, respectively, from abutment walls 3, it, 3", 3?, and 3; the wells 2, 2 2, 2 and 2 being joined respectively, by con necting walls 4 P. 4 if, and i to the walls 3, 323 d, and 3; and the units having, respectively, surface walls 5* and 5 5, 5, 5 and 5 and 5 and 5 and base or joint flanges 6 and 6 6", 6, 6, 6 and 6.

The improved unit 1* shown in Fig. 7,

consists of abutment walls 2 and 2" joined by connecting walls at and 4 wall 2 having surface wall 5 and base flange 6.

The roof or floor unit 1 consists of abutment walls 2 and 2 and side walls 3 and 3 joined to each other by base walls 7 and to walls 2 and 2 by connecting walls l and 4 respectively.

The use of all the various units is similar, and is obvious from the drawings. Cells are formed from a plurality of similar units by backing, registering, and joining against each other like abutment walls 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, and 2", or 2 and 2 as well'as like abutment walls 3, 3",- 3, 3, or 3, of the separate similar units. The cells 12, 12", 12, 12 and 12 12, and 12 may be filled with a material such as concrete which is capable of monolithic hardening. Cells 12 13, 12, 13% and 13, may be left as shown unfilled with concrete in order to provideair spaces, or may if desired also 6, Fig 11, any or all of the base flanges may have apertures 8 for receiving horizontal reinforcing tie rods 9 Likewise abutment, walls 2*, 2", 2, 2, 2, 2 and 2" and 2 and 2 may have a ertures 10 for receiving rods 9,as' well as tor permitting the free passage from one cell to the next adjacent of poured material such as concrete which is more or less fluid when poured but which becomes a hardened monolithic mass after a period of setting.

Any of the various walls 3 and 4 may likewise have apertures as shown most clearly in Fig. 11.

In order to prevent distortion of the cells nseense "such as wiring, riveting, or welding, not

shown.

The surfaces 17, 1?, 17, end 1'1 as showmhave been finished by plastering or stuccoing.

The use of flanges 6 which may be outturned as shown, or interned when desired, provides convenient means for tastening the cell units together, and for the fastening of ties such as 14.

The unit 1 used for forming approximately hollow cylindricel cells is characterized by the fact that the members of successive pairs of walls 5 and 2 46 and 3 4 and 2 5 and 6 are mutually perpendicular, while walls 6 and 3 lie in the same plane. The

advantage of this construction in building" up the cellular structure shown in Fig. 10. lies in the fact that a symmetrical cell construction is attained whereby in the cellular hollow cylinder formed, circumferential walls 5 and 4 and 4 and 5 are always parallel in pairs of units; and whereby radial walls 2 and 3 are always respectively perpendicular to the parallel pairs of walls 5 and d and 4 and 5 Thus, in assembling, the units are inherently provided with a ready means of checkin by eye their alinement and placement to iorm the hollow cellular cylinder.

Havin described 'in detail the various unit m ifications, the characteristics and use of each building wall illustrated will now be enumerated. 1

The wall construction shown in Figs. 1 and '2 provides inner. bearing columns at or near one wall surface for supporting a .floor or roof, and an outer stuccoed surface for exposure to the weather. The inner surface 17 obviously requires no other finishing but suitable coatings of paint.

The wall construction shown in Figs. 3 and 4, provides a bearing wall having both surfaces stuccoed; and which is equal to concrete block wall construction in concrete saving over a solid concrete wall,'and is superior to concrete block construction in strength and fire resisting qualities due to the fact that the several I columns of-which the wall is made up are unbroken across the entire wall height, and to the fact that all concrete surfaces of bearing portions are sheathed and protected from spawling in case of fire, by the repeating unit forms and reinforcing.

The construction shown in Fig. 6 provides a very easily erected and economical nonbearing partition wall.

The construction shown in Fig. 7, while employing only a plurality of identical units, provides for the construction of a series of polygonal monolithic-walled cells, all the cell surfaces being protected from spawling and reinforced by theunit forms. While the construction shown indicates triangular cells having monolithic walls, it is obvious that a modification of this construction not shown would enable the constructiofi of hexagonal or other polygonal cells having monolithic walls.

.The roof or floor construction shown in Fig. 7, provides for a series of sheathed T sections lying side by side to form the roof or floor. The concrete disposed and reinforced in the T forms as shown will obviously be stronger than if the same volume of concrete were to be disposed in a flat roof or floor of uniform cross-section between a flat upper surface and a flat lower surface.

Moreover the walls 2 and 2 provide a guide for regulating the pouring of the concrete across the floor o-r roof surface. Ordinarily it is difiicult to pour accurately a floor or roof to a uniform depth.

The details of unit modifications here disclosed may be combined in other obvious manners too numerous to illustrate and describe; since all unit modifications perform similar functions and differ onl in dimensions and geometrical characteristics. vSeveral different unit modifications may be used in combination with each other. In all cases the cells between surface walls 5 are not intended to be limited in number or geometric characteristicsto those shown in the drawings.

An inspection of the drawings will furthermore disclose that the unit forms might be rusted or weathered away, but the remain'ng concrete reinforced with the usual ods 9" would not collapse. This fact suggests the use of stiff paper, as well as sheet metal or other material, for fabricating the units.

We claim:

1. A sheet unit for making cellular structures comprising spaced rows of spaced abutment walls and connecting walls therefor, face walls joined to the outer spaced abutment walls, and abutment flanges for the face walls, the abutment walls and flanges abutting and registering with the like walls of other units to make a cellular structure.

2. A. cellular structure comprising a plurality of units, each unit having spaced rows of spaced abutment walls and conmeeting walls therefor, the abutment walls abutting and registering with the abutment walls of adjoining units to make the cellular structure, some of the registered walls having registered apertures therein, and rods extending through some of the apertures fastening the units together.

3. A continuous structure comprising a plurality of side by side monolithic members joined to each other and having form and reinforcing units, the units comprisin spaced rows of spaced abutment walls and connecting walls therefor, the abutment. walls of the units abutting and registering with each other to provide form and reinforcing means for the members.

4. A structure comprising a plurality of monolithic members joined to each other, the members having form and reinforcing units sheathing their entire exposed surfaces, the units having spaced rows of spaced abutment walls and connecting walls therefor, the abutment walls of the units registerin and abutting with each other to rovide orms and reinforcing for the mem rs.

5. A structure comprising a plurality of side by side monolithic I members, the members being rigidly bonded to each other and having form and reinforcing units, the units including spaced rows of spaced abutment walls and connecting walls therefor, the

' abutment walls of the units registering and abutting with each other to provide forms and reinforcing for the members. I

, 6. A structure comprising a plurality of side by side monolithic members, the mem- .bers being rigidly bonded to each other and having form and reinforcing units, the units including spaced rows of spaced abutment walls and connecting walls therefor, the

' abutment walls of the units registering and abutting with each other to rovide orms and reinforcing for the mem rs.

7. A structure comprising a plurality of side by side T members, the members being rigidly bonded to each other and having form and reinforcing units, the units including spaced rows of spaced abutment walls and connecting walls therefor, the abutment walls of the units registering and abutting with each other to provide forms and reinforcing for the members.

8. A monolithic structure having continuous surfaces and hollow cells between the surfaces, there being means forming and reinforcing the cells and surfaces, said means including a plurality of form and reinforcing units, the units com rising H spaced rows of spaced abutment wa Is a connecting walls therefor, the abutment walls of the units registerin and abutting with each other to form an reinforce the cells and surfaces.

9. A structure comprising a pluralit of side by side monolithic polygonal mem rs,

the members being rigidly bonded to each other and having form and reinforcing units, the units including spaced rows of spaced abutment Walls and connecting walls therefor, the abutment Walls registering and abutting with each other to form and reinforce the members.

means said joined edges bein similarly placed in each of the joined mem ers, the joined angle legs comprising spaced rows of spaced abutment walls and connecting walls therefor, the abutment walls being adapted for registering and abutting with like Walls of other units to make a cellular structure.

In testimony that we claim the foregoing, We have hereunto set our hands.

GEORGE HIVES DAWSON. HURXTHAL FIELD FREASE. 

